| 摘要: |
| 中央一号文件指出，要加强农业面源污染综合治理和畜禽粪污资源化利用，推进农业农村绿色发展，而养殖废弃物资源化利用能力和协同推进畜禽养殖和环境保护是实现产业绿色可持续发展的重要途径。在环境规制和资源约束的背景下，文章基于肉鸭养殖户的微观调查数据，通过多分类Logit模型和有调节的中介模型分析政府规制对养殖户环境友好行为的影响，并进一步分析风险认知、社会规范等在政府规制影响养殖户环境友好行为中的作用机制。结果显示：政府规制总体会促进养殖户环境友好行为水平，但政府规制强度对养殖户行为的实施存在“倒U型”的关系；不同政府规制对养殖户实施环境友好行为的影响不同，其中引导型规制的影响作用最强，同时，环境规制不同的组合对养殖户进行环境友好行为具有一定的促进作用，避免了“相对制度失灵”的现象；不同政府规制对不同规模养殖户环境友好行为的影响存在异质性，激励型规制对养殖户行为水平的影响会随着养殖规模的扩大而逐渐增强，而约束型规制会抑制只进行一项环境友好行为治理养殖户的行为实施，但对于中大规模养殖户，约束型规制强度的增加会促进实施两种环境行为的养殖户实施环境友好治理行为；约束型、激励型和引导型规制对养殖户环境友好行为的影响分别有18.58%、16.91%、22.80%是通过风险认知的中介效应实现的，且随着社会规范强度的增加，在政府规制下风险认知对养殖户环境友好行为的影响逐渐增强，社会规范对风险认知中介作用的调节效应显著。为了推动乡村振兴建设，实现肉鸭产业健康发展，应根据不同的养殖规模制定差异化的政府规制政策，适当地进行环境约束，加大环境治理宣传和激励力度，通过提升养殖户的风险认知来促进养殖户环境治理行为的实施，同时借助社会规范等无形的约束和激励来提升养殖户环境友好治理的积极性，在稳定肉鸭供给的基础上实现产业的高质量发展。 |
| 关键词: 政府规制 风险认知 社会规范 肉鸭养殖户 环境友好行为 |
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| 基金项目:财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系（编号：CARS-42-28）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“中国种业高质量发展的模式和路径研究”（编号：2662022JGYJ002） |
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| How does government Regulation affect farmers'' environmentally friendly behavior: Constraining or Promoting-- Empirical analysis based on 986 farmer survey data |
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Zhao Jiajia, Liu Lingzhi
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Huazhong Agricultural University
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| Abstract: |
| According to the No. 1 Central document, comprehensive treatment of non-point agricultural source pollution and resource utilization of livestock and poultry waste should be strengthened to promote the green development of agriculture and rural areas, and the resource utilization capacity of breeding waste and coordinated promotion of livestock and poultry breeding and environmental protection are important ways to achieve green and sustainable development of the industry.In the context of environmental regulations and resource constraints, based on the micro-survey data of duck farmers, this paper analyzed the impact of government regulations on farmers'' environmentally friendly behavior by using the multi-classification Logit model and the moderated mediation model, and further analyzed the mechanism of risk perception and social norms in the impact of government regulations on farmers'' environmentally friendly behavior.The results show that:Government regulation will generally promote the level of environmentally friendly behavior of farmers, but there is an "inverted U-shaped" relationship between the intensity of government regulation and the implementation of farmers'' behavior.Different government regulations have different influences on farmers'' implementation of environmentally friendly behaviors, among which the guiding regulation has the strongest effect. Meanwhile, different combinations of environmental regulations promote farmers'' implementation of environmentally friendly behaviors to a certain extent, avoiding the phenomenon of "relative institutional failure".The influence of different government regulations on the environmentally friendly behavior of farmers with different scales is heterogeneous. The influence of incentive regulation on the behavior level of farmers will gradually increase with the expansion of the scale of farming, while the constraint regulation will inhibit the implementation of only one environmentally friendly behavior to control farmers. However, for medium and large-scale farmers, The increase of restrictive regulation intensity will promote the two kinds of environmental behavior of farmers to implement environmentally friendly governance behavior.18.58%, 16.91% and 22.80% of the impacts of restrictive, incentive and guiding regulations on farmers'' environmentally friendly behaviors are realized through the intermediary effect of risk perception, respectively. The mediating effect of social norms on risk perception is significant.With the increase of the intensity of social norms, the impact of risk perception on farmers'' environmentally friendly behaviors is gradually enhanced under government regulations. In order to promote the construction of rural revitalization and realize the healthy development of the meat duck industry, differentiated government regulation policies should be formulated according to different breeding scales, environmental constraints should be properly carried out, and publicity and incentives of environmental governance should be strengthened, so as to promote the implementation of environmental governance behaviors of farmers by improving their risk cognition.At the same time, intangible constraints and incentives such as social norms are used to enhance the enthusiasm of farmers in environmentally friendly governance, and high-quality development of the industry can be achieved on the basis of stable duck supply. |
| Key words: government regulation risk perception social norms duck farmers environmentally friendly behavior |