| 摘要: |
| 粮食安全关乎国运民生，主产区切实扛起政治责任，为保障国家粮食安全做出了巨大贡献。目前，我国主要对粮食主产区实施了三类利益补偿政策，包括粮食产业发展支持、产粮大县补贴支持以及财政和公共服务支持。从补偿情况看，主产区享受的支持资金总规模更大，但单位粮食产量或单位耕地面积享受的支持强度普遍低于非主产区；同时，两类地区在财政和公共服务支持政策方面的差距持续缩小，但在粮食产业发展支持政策方面的差距则不断扩大。现行主产区利益补偿政策下，主产区粮食生产能力和生产效率实现了同步提升，粮食产业企业数量和规模均大于非主产区，农村居民人均可支配收入增速和地方财政一般预算收入增速快于非主产区，但绝对差距仍呈扩大之势。现行主产区利益补偿政策存在着补偿资金规模有限、激励效果不佳、补偿方式单一的问题，可以从三个方面进行机制创新：一是进一步扩大财政转移支付规模，二是补齐非粮食主产区责任分担机制，三是引导金融和社会资本参与发展主产区的粮食产业，四是整合面向粮食主产区的支持政策。 |
| 关键词: 粮食主产区 利益补偿 实施效果 机制创新 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年项目“粮食主产区耕地‘非粮化’对粮食生产的影响及区域差异化治理策略研究——基于要素机会成本的视角”（编号：72103090）；中国社会科学院重大创新项目“农业农村现代化的重点与难点”（编号：2023YZD005）；清华大学中国农村研究院2023年青年课题“从托管半托管实践看我国农业社会化服务的路径选择”（编号：CIRS2023-9） |
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| Benefit Compensation in Major Grain Production Areas: Situation and Mechanism Innovation |
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| Abstract: |
| Grain production security is the cornerstone of national development, of which the major production areas as an important body of domestic production is particularly critical. China has been implementing three categories compensation policies, namely grain industry support, production-coupled subsidy, financial and public service support. Judging from the actual effect, major productions areas enjoy a larger total financial support but a lower support intensity in terms of average production or farmland scale. It is also notable that the disparity in financial and public service between major and minor production areas is decreasing while the gap in grain industry support is augmenting. Owing to the current compensation framework, productivity and efficiency have been both improved in the major production areas, accompanied by larger grain factories, rapid growth in farmers’ disposable income and improved total revenue of local budget. However, there are still some challenges ahead, such as limited supportive funds, poor incentive effects and rare compensation methods. To solve these problems, several mechanism innovations have been proposed, including expand financial transfer payments, shift the responsibility of food security to minor grain production areas, introduce social capital to invest in the grain industry, and integrate the policy support system for major grain producing areas. |
| Key words: Major Grain Production Areas, Benefit Compensation, Actual Effect, Mechanism Innovation |