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| 摘要: |
| 小农户如何融入多功能农业,在基础功能和拓展多元功能之间寻求发展,是推动乡村振兴与农业农村现代化的中心问题。通过对西边乡近三十年农业产业结构调整过程的分析发现,基于小农户的生产特性和能力适配性,小农户融入多功能农业面临政策规制、资源禀赋、主体能力等结构性矛盾,注定是一场多元主体协作重塑农业治理格局的实践。多功能农业旨在挖掘和应用农业的多功能性,其发展大致经历了从传统主义、生产主义到后生产主义的转变。传统主义时期,农业生产在保障粮食安全基础上,注重食物自给与社区互助；生产主义时期,强调市场化、效率化和技术革新,凸显经济增收功能；后生产主义时期,乡村以内驱动发展为主,发挥农村集体经济组织统筹功能,更关注农业多维价值,如社区和美、生态维护、休闲体验、文化传承等。西边乡发展后期向以粮食生产为主导的方向回归,反映出即使是村集体引领的农业生产也难以突破“低水平均衡”的路径依赖。小农户融入多功能农业的本质,在于推动农业发展范式从“生产导向”向“乡村系统导向”的结构性转型,构建以小农户参与为基础的乡村协同治理机制,重点强化农业的社会嵌入功能,而非单纯追求创新。这也反映出,多功能的综合性农业模式并非放之四海而皆准,其发展需以“天时、地利与人和”为前提,充分考虑不同村庄的实际情况。 |
| 关键词: 小农户 多功能农业 多元协作 农业治理 产业结构调整 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:F323 |
| 基金项目:教育部人文社会科学基金项目“新型农村集体经济发展的社会基础研究”（23XJC840003）；陕西省社会科学基金项目“陕西新型农村集体经济发展与小农户组织化研究”（2023F006）。 |
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| Moving towards Multi-functional Agricultural Governance with Multi-subject Collaboration ——Reflections Based on the Industrial Structure Adjustment Process in Xibian Township |
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| Abstract: |
| 因此,小农户融入多功能农业的本质,在于推动农业发展范式从单一“生产导向”向“乡村系统导向”的结构性转型。这种转型要求突破传统农业的产业边界认知,将农业发展嵌入乡村社会整体系统之中,通过重构小农户在乡村发展中的主体性地位,实现从“被动承接政策对象”向“主动建设主体”的角色转换,以及将物质、能量、信息的流动与循环实现价值转换变为现实,才能将外部政策输入转化为乡村内生发展动能,有效破解“低水平均衡”的路径依赖困境[ [] 赵敏娟,崔清钧,周超辉.农业多功能价值实现促进农业高质量发展的理论与路径[J].农村经济,2025,(03):20-29.Moving towards Multi-functional Agricultural Governance with Multi-subject Collaboration——Reflections Based on the Industrial Structure Adjustment Process in Xibian TownshipZHONG Lina1,WU Huifang2(1. School of Philosophy, Northwest University, Xi"an710127,China; 2. College of Humanities and Development, China Agricultural University, Haidian100193,China):How smallholder farmers can integrate into multifunctional agriculture and seek development by balancing foundational functions with the expansion of diverse functions is a central issue in promoting rural revitalization and the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. Through an analysis of the agricultural industrial structure adjustment process in Xibian Township over the past three decades, it has been found that, based on the production characteristics and capability adaptability of small-scale farmers, their integration into multi-functional agriculture faces structural contradictions such as policy regulations, resource endowments, and subject capabilities, necessitating a practice of reshaping agricultural governance through collaborative efforts among multiple stakeholders. Multi-functional agriculture aims to explore and apply the diverse functions of agriculture, and its development has generally undergone transitions from traditionalism, productionism to post-productionism. During the traditionalist period, agricultural production prioritized food security while emphasizing food self-sufficiency and community mutual assistance. In the productionist era, there was an emphasis on marketization, efficiency, and technological innovation, highlighting the function of economic income growth. During the post-productionist period, rural development is primarily internally driven, leveraging the coordinating role of rural collective economic organizations, with greater attention given to the multi-dimensional values of agriculture, such as community harmony, ecological conservation, leisure experiences, and cultural heritage. The return of Xibian Township to a grain production-dominated direction in its later stages of development reflects that even agricultural production led by village collectives struggles to break free from the path dependency of "low-level equilibrium". The essence of integrating small-scale farmers into multi-functional agriculture lies in promoting a structural transformation of the agricultural development paradigm from a "production-oriented" to a "rural system-oriented" approach, constructing a rural collaborative governance mechanism based on the participation of small-scale farmers, with a focus on strengthening the social embeddedness of agriculture rather than solely pursuing innovation. This also reflects that the comprehensive multi-functional agricultural model is not universally applicable and its development must be predicated on "favorable timing, geographical conditions, and social harmony," taking into full consideration the actual circumstances of different villages.Keywords: small-scale farmers; multi-functional agriculture; pluralistic collaboration; agricultural governance; industrial structure adjustment ]。但是,从乡村治理的现实观察,单纯依赖村集体和小农户等内生主体存在明显能力约束。特别是在人口结构老龄化背景下,留守老年农户难以独立承担乡村振兴的主体责任。当前,西边乡的发展动力主要源自政府和村集体的推动,其核心实质是政权代理型的经营模式。这表明将小农户作为农业发展核心主体的路径选择,注定是一场农业治理的转型过程,其本质是构建以小农户参与为基础的乡村协同治理机制,重点强化农业的社会嵌入功能而非单纯的创新导向。农业现代化进程中的创新性发展,本质上是对乡村发展主体结构的重构过程,是“谁来发展乡村”的问题。 |
| Key words: small-scale farmers multi-functional agriculture pluralistic collaboration agricultural governance industrial structure adjustment |
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