摘要: |
土地承包经营权的流转的人为限制,传统的农地抵押制度主要有“入股抵押”、“反担保抵押”两种间接抵押的模式,而缺少由农户将土地承包经营权直接向金融机构直接抵押的模式。农地抵押设置的限制不仅不利于农地金融市场化机制的形成,而且也不适合现有的社会发展和生产关系的变化。三权分置下,土地经营权从土地承包经营权中分离出来,承担了土地流转的政策功能,也为农地抵押制度的变革提供了有力的支撑。土地经营权应该被认定为物权,契合了农地抵押的现实需求,有利于农地抵押制度的安全。三权分置下农地抵押制度应该予以重构,在抵押设立上应该弱化发包人同意的要求,仅保留发包人备案即可。发包人备案制度所起到的公法上行政管理的效果,而登记制度则会起到抵押权生效的目的。抵押物的范围,不仅局限于土地经营权,也应该及于地上附着物。在抵押权实现的方式上,除了可以有折价、拍卖或者变卖等方式,还可以探索强制管理、内部处置、转包等方式,以收益实现债权的安全。总之,农地抵押制度作为农村金融创新产品,实现了资本与农户的对接,是打破城乡二元结构,拓宽农户融资的必由之路。 |
关键词: 农地抵押 三权分置 土地经营权 农村金融 |
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基金项目:本文是作者所主持的国家社科“三权分置下农地信托法律制度研究”(项目号:19CFX062)阶段性成果。 |
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On the Reform and Reconstruction of the Agricultural Land Mortgage System under the Separation of Three Powers |
wang pengpeng
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上海对外经贸大学
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Abstract: |
The traditional farmland mortgage system mainly has two indirect mortgage modes, namely "equity mortgage" and "counter-guarantee mortgage", but lacks the mode that farmers directly mortgage the land contractual management right to financial institutions. The restrictions on the establishment of farmland mortgage are not only unfavorable to the formation of the financial market mechanism of farmland, but also unsuitable for the existing social development and changes in production relations. Under the separation of the three powers, the right to land management is separated from the right to land contractual management, which undertakes the policy function of land transfer, and also provides strong support for the reform of the rural land mortgage system. Land management right should be recognized as real right, which meets the actual needs of farmland mortgage and is conducive to the security of farmland mortgage system. The system of farmland mortgage under the separation of three rights should be reconstructed, including the effectiveness of mortgage, the scope of mortgage and the realization of mortgage. In short, as an innovative product of rural finance, the rural land mortgage system realizes the connection between capital and farmers, which is the only way to break the dual structure of urban and rural areas and broaden the financing of farmers. |
Key words: Mortgage of Farmland Separation of Powers Land Management Right Rural Finance |