摘要: |
农业机械化对于转变农业生产方式具有重要的支撑作用,是我国实现农业现代化的必由之路。本文从与农业机械化利用关系密切的农地经营规模着手,基于农户自购农机的现实约束,以及交易成本视角下农户购买农机服务的理论分析,采用2016年中国劳动力动态调查的全国调查数据,运用IV ordered probit等计量方法,研究农地经营规模究竟如何影响农户的农业机械化选择。研究表明:农地经营规模与农户购买农机服务之间存在倒U型关系,当农户经营规模超过35亩后,更适宜自购农机;以地势、距离县城距离两个变量表征的交通条件会显著正向影响农户购买农机服务。因此,在我国当前仍然以小农经营为主的现实背景下,一方面应鼓励农户购买农机服务,将农户的农业机械化生产卷入社会化分工;另一方面,积极推进符合农户多样化农业生产需求的农机服务体系建立;同时,国家应持续改善农村基础设施,尤其是交通设施,乡镇集体鼓励作物区域化、连片化种植,提升农业生产的专业化,降低农户采用农机服务的交易成本。 |
关键词: 农地经营规模 农业机械化 自购农机 购买农机服务 |
DOI: |
分类号:F321.1 |
基金项目: |
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How does the farmland scale affect farmers’ agricultural mechanization choices? |
Wang Shujuan,Li Ning
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Institute of Food and Strategic Reserves,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Center for Food Security and Strategic Studies,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing
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Abstract: |
Agricultural mechanization plays an important role in transforming the methods of agricultural production, and it’s the necessary way to realize agricultural modernization. The paper focuses the effects of farmland scale on agricultural mechanization, first analyzes on the practical constraints of farmers’ self-purchased agricultural machinery, and the makes a theoretical analysis of farmers’ purchase of agricultural machinery services from the perspective of transaction costs, then uses the national survey data from China Labor Force Dynamics Survey in 2016 and IV ordered probit model to study how the farmland scale affects farmers’ agricultural mechanization choices. The research shows that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between farmland scale and farmers’ purchase of agricultural mechanization services, and it’s more suitable for farmers to purchase agricultural machinery as the farmland scale exceeds 35 acres. Besides, the traffic condition characterized by topography and distance from the county is significant positively affecting farmers’ choice of purchasing agricultural mechanization services. Therefore, in the background that Chinese agriculture is still dominated by small farmers, farmers should be encouraged to purchase agricultural machinery services to make their production involved in the social division of labor, and on the other hand, the agricultural service system that satisfies farmers’ diversified production demands should be encouraged. Meanwhile, the government should continue to improve rural infrastructure, especially transportation facilities, and township collectives encourage the regionalization of crops and continuous planting to improve the specialization of agricultural production, and reduce the transaction costs of farmers’ purchasing agricultural machinery services. |
Key words: farmland scale, agricultural mechanization, self-purchase of agricultural machinery, purchase of agricultural machinery services |